Muddy and waste water treatment device and method

ABSTRACT

A water treatment method and device can perform a regeneration treatment of the muddy water once used in a water excavation work to decrease its specific gravity for reuse in the water excavation work, and a dehydration treatment of various waste waters such as muddy water from the water excavation work and industrial waste water for final disposal. 
     The dehydration treatment includes a flocculating step for flocculating fine muddy particles, a solid-liquid separating step for separating the floccus to a solid part and a liquid part, a discharging step for discharging the liquid part through a filtering and water cleansing step, and a solid part treatment step for treating the solid part separated at the solid-liquid separating step, and the regeneration treatment including a solid-liquid separating step for separating the muddy water to a solid part and a liquid part and a reusing step for reusing the separated liquid part which is free from the muddy particles by the solid-liquid separating step, and a solid part treatment step for treating the solid part separated at the solid-liquid separating step. 
     The solid-liquid separating step is achieved by a centrifugal separator whose inner basket is composed of a non-perforated wall and a wheel shaped bottom.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention generally relates to a water treatment method anda water treatment device for muddy water used in water excavationengineering which is broadly employed in piling works for making groundformations and in underground continuous wall making works, and forindustrial waste water discharged from various works. More particularly,the present invention relates to a method and device which can perform aregeneration treatment for the used muddy water in order to reuse it anda dehydration treatment for the waste muddy water and industrial wastewater to reduce the weight.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Water excavation engineering has been well known to realize low noiseand low vibration and is thus broadly employed in various civilconstruction works, such as piling work, underground continuous wallmaking work, water shield work, water drive work, and so on. Forexample, an earth drill method, a reverse circulation method, or BHmethod is used in combination with the water excavation engineering toperform the piling work, and a bucket method or a rotary method is usedin combination with the water excavation engineering to perform theunderground continuous wall making work.

In the water excavation engineering, natural muddy water, bentonitemuddy water, polymer muddy water or the like, is used as a stabilizerfor excavating the hole, a conveying fluid for excavated substance, anda substitute fluid for unhardened concrete supplied into the excavatedspace. Furthermore, the muddy water is often used for cooling anexcavation machine and preventing the underground water from gushinginto the excavated space. Therefore, the quality of the hardenedconcrete, the construction period, and the cost and safety of the workdepends on the management and control of the muddy water underconstruction.

The management and control of the muddy water is carried out in responseto various factors representing physical properties of the muddy water,such as viscosity, specific gravity, filtrated water amount, muddy layerthickness, sand percentage, pH and so on. Generally, the physicalproperties of the muddy water are so controlled as to keep the values ofthese factors within a predetermined range or less than a predeterminedvalue. Particularly, the specific gravity of the muddy water should belowered as much as possible while an excavated hole is stable in orderto maintain construction quality at a desired level. It is desirable tokeep the specific gravity of ordinarily used muddy water at no higherthan about 1.2 during excavation and at no higher than about 1.1 duringthe pouring operation of unhardened concrete. When the specific gravityof the muddy water exceeds the above values, the quality of the muddywater becomes poor, which results in a lower excavation efficiency andinvolves slime formed in the concrete during the pouring operation ofunhardened concrete. Accordingly, it is required that muddy particles,such as slime, be removed from the muddy water as much as possible.

Conventionally, the muddy particles are removed from the muddy water bymeans of natural sedimentation or some kind of mechanical apparatus,such as a cyclone, to lower its specific gravity. However, they cannotexert a sufficient specific gravity lowering effect because they cannotremove fine particles of less than 74μ. In detail, the muddy particlesand slime are removed by a commonly used apparatus using a combinationof a vibration type sieve and a liquid cyclone whose classificationpoint is about 74μ. This classification point represents the particlesize when the contents included in the under flow and the over flow areat a ratio of 50%:50%. In the above described sand separator using acombination of a vibration type sieve and a liquid cyclone, 50% of finesand particles are included in the overflow. Thus such a conventionalapparatus cannot remove fine sand and muddy particles of less than 74μ.When the ground which is excavated is mainly composed of fine sand, siltand clay, such fine sand, silt and clay particles remain in the muddywater and therefore the specific gravity of the muddy water cannot belowered. The once used muddy water with the higher specific gravity cannot be reused.

In conventional muddy water using excavation engineering, the muddywater with an undesirable high specific gravity, which includes muchfine muddy particles caused by excavation work, is partially or whollyreplaced by newly prepared water. That is, the muddy water with thehigher specific gravity is disused. These conventional methods, however,provide some disadvantages, such as the replacing operation requires arelatively long time, resulting in extension of the construction periodand cost for newly prepared water.

Various construction works generate much turbid water as industrialwaste water, including a mixture of surface water, underground water orrain water, and sand, muddy particles, cement or the like, for example,turbid water generated by tunnel work; washed water by aggregateproducing work; turbid water by rain water during ground formation work;turbid water by dredging and reclaiming works; waste water from abatcher plant; turbid water by pouring work of concrete; grout; turbidwater by boring work; oil containing waste water leaked fromconstruction machines; iron containing waste water by water replacement;and so on.

Since the waste muddy water is treated as industrial waste sludge, itshould be subjected to proper treatment before final disposal in orderto avoid environmental pollution. Furthermore, the above describedindustrial waste water should also be treated to avoid water pollution.This treatment, however, is complicated and results in an increase incost.

Conventionally, the waste muddy water is subjected to a dehydrationtreatment using a filter cloth in order to decrease the weight of thewaste sludge. The filter cloth, however, is easily blocked with finemuddy particles of the waste sludge and thus the dehydration abilitybecomes poor in a short time. Therefore the dehydration treatment cannot effectively treat the waste muddy water.

On the other hand, the inventor provides a vertical type muddy waterseparator which can remove muddy particles from muddy water andindustrial waste water generated by excavation work to decrease thespecific gravity of the used muddy water and industrial waste water forreusing them, and can dehydrate the muddy water and industrial wastewater to decrease its weight for final disposal. The muddy waterseparator comprises a stationary casing provided with an outlet port andan inlet port, a movable inner basket which is movably interposed in thestationary casing and whose cylindrical wall is not perforated, a crossshape arm arranged at an annular bottom of the basket, and a rotarydrive shaft fixed at the cross point of the cross shape arm to pivotablysuspend the basket within the stationary casing. When the rotary driveshaft is rotated at a high speed, the muddy water is supplied into thestationary casing through the inlet port. Muddy particles of the muddywater are sedimented and adhere to the inner cylindrical wall so thatthe solid part and the liquid part of the muddy water can be separated.This separator requires that the solid part from the basket wall beremoved and temporarily stops the solid-liquid separation work wheneverthe solid part adhering to the basket wall reaches its maximum level.

Conventionally designed separators are not equipped with a sensory meansfor detecting the maximum level, and thus require skilled workers tosense the maximum level and to remove the solid part from the separatorwall. However, since skilled workers do not always correctly detect themaximum level, the removing work may be untimely carried out. When theadhered solid part does not reach the maximum level, such untimelyremoval causes the work efficiency of the separator to be lowered on theother hand, when the adhered solid part exceeds the maximum level, themuddy water can not be treated by the separator and is directlydischarged out of the water treatment system.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF INVENTION

It is an objective of the present invention to provide an improved watertreatment method and device for muddy water and industrial waste water,which can overcome the above described problems.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide an improvedwater treatment method and device for muddy water and industrial wastewater, which can remove muddy particles from the muddy water used bywater excavation works to decrease the specific gravity of the usedmuddy water for reusing them.

A further objective of the present invention is to provide an improvedwater treatment method and device for muddy water and industrial wastewater, which can dehydrate the muddy water and industrial waste water todecrease its weight for final disposal.

A further objective of the present invention is to provide an improvedwater treatment device which can correctly sense an opportunity for theremoval of the solid part adhered in the device.

To accomplish the above described objectives according to the firstaspect of the present invention, an improved water treatment method formuddy water from the water excavation engineering and/or industrialwaste water comprises a first treatment process to perform a dehydrationtreatment of the waste muddy water and/or industrial waste water and asecond treatment process to perform a regeneration treatment of themuddy water having a high specific gravity, where the muddy water isenriched with muddy particles caused by the water excavationengineering. These treatment processes are alternatively operatedaccording to the kind of water to be treated and the final aim of itsuse. The first operation system includes a flocculation step forflocculating fine muddy particles contained in the waste muddy waterand/or industrial waste water to form floccus; a solid-liquid separatingstep for separating the floccus to a solid part and a liquid part, whichis operated in a first operation mode; a discharge step for dischargingthe liquid part through a filtering and clean water checking step; and asolid part treatment step for treating the solid part separated at thesolid-liquid separating step. The second operation system includes amuddy water receiving step for receiving the muddy water from theexcavation site; a solid-liquid separating step for separating the muddywater into a solid part and a liquid part, which is operated in a secondoperation mode; and a reusing step for reusing the separated liquid partwhich is free of the muddy particles caused by the solid-liquidseparating step; and a solid part treatment step for treating the solidpart separated at the solid-liquid separating step.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, an improvedwater treatment device for muddy water from the water excavationengineering and/or industrial waste water comprises a first waterreservoir for storing the muddy and waste water from the waterexcavation engineering and/or industrial works; a second water reservoirfor storing the used muddy water which has a high density, as the muddywater has been enriched with muddy particles and other materials by thewater excavation engineering; a flocculating unit for adding flocculantinto the muddy water and/or industrial waste water fed from the firstwater reservoir to flocculate muddy particles contained in the muddywater and/or industrial waste water; a centrifugal separator which isalternatively operated in a first operation mode or a second operationmode by a switching valve, so that in the first operation mode the muddywater and/or industrial waste water fed from the flocculating unit istreated in order to separate the flocculated muddy water into a solidpart and a liquid part, and in the second operation mode the used muddywater fed from the second reservoir is treated to remove the muddyparticles from the used muddy water; a liquid cleansing unit to cleanthe liquid part fed from the centrifugal separator operated in the firstoperation mode; a third water reservoir for storing the treated waterfed from the centrifugal separator operated in the second operationmode; and a solid part treatment unit for treating the solid part fedfrom the centrifugal separator operated in the first and secondoperation modes and/or the solid part adhered to the inner wall of thecentrifugal separator.

The centrifugal separator used in the above method and device comprisesa stationary casing; a movable inner basket is rotatably suspended inthe stationary casing through a rotary drive shaft, the basket includinga non perforated cylindrical wall and a wheel shaped bottom member; andan air nozzle, where the upper opening faces the wheel shaped bottommember. The wheel shaped bottom member includes an annular member; asubstantially cross shaped arm is integrally formed in the annularmember; and openings are defined between the cross shaped arm and theannular member, each inside wall of the openings being verticallyinclined so as to facilitate the discharge of the solid part toward itsbottom end.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the centrifugalseparator may further comprise a means for sensing the maximum level ofthe solid part adhered to the basket wall, where the sensing meansautomatically stops the centrifugal operation of the basket and themuddy water feeding operation; and a means for removing the solid partadhered to the basket wall.

In the water treatment method and device according to the presentinvention, the muddy waste water and/or industrial waste water are addedwith flocculant to form muddy particle flocks, and these flocks areseparated from the muddy waste water and/or industrial waste water bythe centrifugal separator operated in the first operation mode. Theseparated flocks are condensed and solidified in the basket of thecentrifugal separator. The separated liquid part of the waste water isfiltered by the liquid cleansing unit to remove some impurities, anddischarged out of this device.

Alternatively, the high density muddy water used by water excavationengineering is fed into the centrifugal separator operated in the secondoperation mode without any pretreatment. Muddy particles are separatedfrom the high density muddy water and solidified by the centrifugalseparator. The separated liquid part of the muddy water is stored in thethird reservoir for reuse as stabilizing liquid for the water excavationengineering.

In both operation modes, the solid part separated by the centrifugalseparator is fed to the solid part treatment unit to dehydrate it andform dehydrated cakes which can be easily disposed of as surplus oilused for ground construction along the sea side and the like.

The centrifugal separator according to the present invention cansmoothly perform the solid-liquid separating operation without anystagnance. The bottom of the inner basket of the separator is formedwith the openings defined between the cross shaped arm and the annularmember, each inside wall of which is vertically widened toward itsbottom end. In the openings, the solid part, such as condensed andsolidified flocks and slime, easily fall down along the inside walls,which are downwardly widened, by the centrifugal force and the air flowjetted by the air nozzle. Since the solid part can be smoothlydischarged out of the inner basket, the solid-liquid separatingoperation can be continued for a long period. Even when the openings areblocked with the solid part, the sensing means can detect the maximumlevel of the solid part stocked in the basket. This sensing means canautomatically stop the centrifugal operation of the basket and the muddywater feeding operation. Furthermore, in the case where the centrifugalseparator is equipped with a means for removing the solid part from thebasket, the removing operation of the solid part may be automaticallystarted in response to the sensing means.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description used in connection with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration showing the whole system of the muddyand waste water treatment method;

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross sectional view showing one embodiment of themuddy water separator according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the wheel shaped bottom member of theseparator shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view taken along the line A--A in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view taken along the line B--B in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the wheel shaped bottom member ofFIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a partial cross sectional vertical view showing the muddywater separator equipped with a solid part removing means;

FIG. 8 is a partial sectional plan view showing the removing mechanismof FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration showing the whole system of onetreatment process according to the muddy and waste water treatmentmethod of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration showing a typical model forexplaining coagulation;

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration showing a typical model forexplaining flocculation;

FIG. 12 is a graphical representation showing a comparison of thecontent between the pre-dehydration treatment and the post-dehydrationtreatment according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration showing the whole system of theother treatment process according to the muddy and waste water treatmentmethod of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a graphical representation showing a distribution curve ofmuddy particles in muddy water before treatment according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 15 is a graphical representation showing a distribution curve ofmuddy particles in muddy water after treatment according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 16 is a graphical representation showing comparative data ofvarious particle separating methods;

FIG. 17 is a graphical representation showing a distribution curve ofthe particle size of bentonite;

FIG. 18 is a partial cross sectional vertical view showing anotherembodiment of the muddy water separator equipped with a maximum levelsensing means;

FIG. 19 is an enlarged sectional view showing the maximum level sensingmeans shown in FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a plan view showing the maximum level sensing means shown inFIG. 18; and

FIG. 21 is an enlarged cross sectional view showing a misoperationprotecting means which is associated with the maximum level sensingmeans shown in FIG. 18.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

In FIG. 1, there is one embodiment shown of the muddy and waste watertreatment method according to the present invention. This drawing showstwo treatment systems, one of which is a dehydration treatment todecrease the water content or dehydrate muddy waste water from waterexcavation warks and industrial waste water for final disposal, and theother is a regeneration treatment to lower the specific gravity of themuddy water once used in the water excavation works for reuse in thesame or other water excavation works.

The dehydration treatment system includes a first reservoir 1a in whichmuddy and industrial waste water (hereinafter referred to as "wastewater") is stored, and a fluid pump 2 set for feeding the waste water toa neutralization tank 4 through a pipe 3. The neutralization tank 4 issupplied with a predetermined amount of coagulant from a coagulantreservoir 5. In this embodiment, the coagulant is selected from asulfate compound, PAC, calcium chloride, and the like. At the bottom ofthe neutralization tank 4, a fluid pump 6 is set and connected to a pipe7. The pipe 7 is further connected to a first line mixer 8, a firstreaction cylinder 9, a second line mixer 10, and a second reactioncylinder 11. The second reaction cylinder 11 is connected to acentrifugal separator 13 through a pipe 12. Furthermore, this systemincludes first and second flocculation units for adding high molecularflocculant to the pipe 7 to flocculate fine particles. The firstflocculation unit composed is of a flocculant reservoir 14 and a pump 15set before the line mixer 8, and the second flocculation unit iscomposed of a flocculant reservoir 16 and a pump 17 set after the firstreaction cylinder 9. The centrifugal separator 13 is connected to aliquid cleansing tank 20 through a pipe 29. In the cleansing tank 20, apump 21 is set and connected to a pipe 22 for final disposal.Furthermore, separator 13 is connected to a solid part treatment unit 24through a pipe 23.

On the other hand, the regeneration treatment system includes a secondreservoir lb in which muddy water once used in the water excavationworks (hereinafter referred to as "used water") is stored, and a fluidpump 18 set for feeding the used water to the centrifugal separator 13through a pipe 19. The separator 13 is connected to a treated waterreservoir 26 for receiving the liquid part treated by the separator 13through a pipe 25. This liquid part is fed to a reuse plant, not shown,through a pump 27 and a pipe 28 to prepare stabilizing water for thewater excavation work.

The separator 13 is provided with a switching valve means, 51, 52, 53and 54, for alternative connection to the pipes 12 and 29 of thehydration treatment system or the pipes 19 and 25 of the regenerationtreatment system.

FIG. 2 shows a vertical cross sectional view of one embodiment of thevertical type centrifugal separator 13 adapted for the muddy and wastewater treatment method of the present invention. The centrifugalseparator 13 comprises a stationary casing 31, and a movable innerbasket 39 rotatably suspended in the stationary casing 31 to separatethe waste water or used water into a solid part and a liquid part owingto the centrifugal force generated when the basket 39 is rotated.

The stationary casing 31 includes a cylindrical outer member, an upperlid and a bottom member formed with an outlet opening 32 for dischargingthe solid part. The cylindrical outer member is provided with an outletpipe 50 adjacent to the bottom member so as to drain the liquid partoverflowed from the inner basket 39. The upper lid is fixed with aninlet pipe 33 through which the waste water or used water is fed to thebasket 39, and a bearing case 35 for rotatably receiving a rotary driveshaft 34. One end of the drive shaft 34 extends upwardly through the lidof the stationary casing 31 and is connected to a driving mechanism,such as an electro-controlled motor, not shown, and the other end isfixed to a wheel shaped bottom member 42 of the inner basket 39 so as torotatably suspend the inner basket 39.

The inner basket 39 includes a non-perforated cylindrical wall made of astainless steel, an upper annular plate 40, a lower annular plate 41,and the wheel shape bottom member 42.

FIG. 3 to FIG. 6 show the wheel shape bottom member 42 in detail. Thebottom member 42 includes an annular member 36, a substantially crossshaped arm 37, and a center section 38 fixed to the drive shaft 34. Asshown in FIG. 3, this annular member 36, cross shaped arm 37, and centersection 38, define four fan shape openings 42a. FIG. 4 shows a verticalcross sectional view taken along the line A--A of FIG. 3. The annularmember 36 includes four vertical inside walls 36a facing the fan shapeopenings 42a, which are inclined with respect to the axis of the bottommember 42. FIG. 5 shows a vertical cross sectional view taken along theline B--B of FIG. 3. Each arm of the cross shaped arm 37 includesvertically inclined walls 37a. In other words, the cross shaped arm 37is formed similarly to a propeller fan used for ships, as shown in FIG.6. In order to smoothly rotate the bottom member 42 about a center hole43 in which the end of the drive shaft 34 is engaged, the arm sectionsof the cross arm 37 are concentrically arranged with respect to thecenter hole 43. The inclined angle of the inclined walls 36a and 37a isproperly determined, preferably 30° to 45°. In this embodiment, theinclined wall 36a of the annular member 36 is 30° and the inclined wall37a of the cross arm 37 is 45°. The arm section of the cross arm 37 isprovided with a rounded corner 44 to prevent the cross arm 37 fromsticking to long waste materials. The inclined wall 36a of the annularmember 36 is widened toward the bottom end as shown in FIG. 4. The wheelshaped bottom member 42 is rotated in a clockwise direction in FIG. 3.

When the inner basket 39 is rotated, the solid part is separated fromthe waste water or the used water by centrifugal force and some of thesolid part falls into the fan shaped openings 42a of the bottom member42. The solid part is smoothly discharged downwardly along the inclinedwalls 36a and 37a during the rotation of the inner basket 39. Thisprevents the fan shaped openings 42a from becoming with the solid part.

Returning to FIG. 2, the separator 13 further comprises an air nozzle 45for jetting air towards the fan shaped opening 42a. The air nozzle 45 isconnected to an air compressor 46 through an air tube 47 and a metalpipe 48 for fixing the air nozzle 45 to the bearing case 35. This jettedair also facilitates the smooth discharge of the solid part from the fanshaped openings 42a.

FIG. 7 shows the separator 13 further provided with a solid partremoving device. The removing device comprises a pivot 51 rotatablysupported by the rod of the stationary casing 31, arms 52 horizontallyextending from the pivot 51, and a scraper 53 fixed to the arms 52. Thescraper 53 is provided with a toothed edge 53a facing the inner surfaceof the basket 39. The vertical length of the toothed edge 53a isslightly shorter than the internal height of the basket 39 so that thetoothed edge 53a can fit within the basket 39. The removing devicefurther comprises an arc shaped blade 54, as shown in FIG. 8 which is apartially sectional plan view of FIG. 7. The arc shaped blade 54 isfixed to the lower end of the scraper 53 so that the blade 54 can followthe scraper 53. The pivot 51 of the removing device can be rotated by ahydraulic actuating cylinder between its scraping position, representedby the rigid line, and its waiting position, represented by the phantomline as shown in FIG. 8, when the waste water or used water is fed intothe separator 13. In the scaping position, the scraper 53 is positionednear the inner surface of the basket 39 to scrape the solid part whichadheres to the inner surface of the basket 39. The solid part scraped bythe scraper 53 is moved along the arc shaped blade 54 and discharged outof the separator 13 through the openings 42a by rotation of the basket39.

The solid part removing device is not limited to this type of scraper,but any conventional mechanism can also be applied to this separator 13.

In thus constructed separator 13, the inner basket 39 is rotated at 700to 800 rpm to apply a centrifugal force of 400 to 600 G to the wastewater or used water, and the solid particles greater than theclassification point of 10 micron are instantly precipitated in theinner basket 39 and compressed by the centrifugal force. At the sametime, the liquid part overflows from the upper edge of the basket 39 andis drained through the outlet pipe 50. In the hydration mode, the liquidpart is fed to the cleansing tank 20 through the pipe 29. In theregeneration mode the liquid part is fed to the treated water reservoir26 through the pipe 25.

In the scraping operation, the inner basket 39 is rotated at about 300rpm. The solid part adhering to the fan shaped openings 42a is subjectedto a downward moving force by a combination of the centrifugal force andthe inclined walls, and further to the air pressure jetted from the airnozzle 45. Therefore, the solid part can be smoothly discharged from thebasket 39 at any time, regardless of a high speed or low speed ofrotation. In other words, the separator 13 can perform the solid partremoving operation whilst keeping the rotation of the separator 13 at arelatively high speed. This effect can reduce the period required foreach scraping operation and can improve work efficiency. This embodimentis particularly effective for the muddy water, including sticky solidparts such as silt, which tends to adhere to the openings 42a.

Since the inner basket 39 is composed of the non-perforated cylindricalwall, the separator 13 can be effectively applied to any type of thewaste water and used water regardless of specific gravity or viscosity.Furthermore, the separator can be constructed in a relatively simplemanner because its structure is simplified.

One preferred example of the hydration operation according to thepresent invention will be described in detail. As disclosed before, inorder to reduce the water content of the muddy waste water or industrialwaste water to facilitate final disposal, the hydration operationbasically comprises the coagulation and/or flocculation step for addingthe coagulant and/or flocculant to the waste water to form flocks offine muddy particles, and the liquid-solid separation step forseparating the waste water into its solid part and liquid part by theabove described centrifugal separator. In this embodiment, theindustrial waste water means various waste waters from landconstruction, dredging work, factories, various facilities and so on.The coagulation and/or flocculation causes the suspended particles inthe waste water to form greater particles by coagulation and bridgeformation of the suspended particles.

FIG. 9 shows one typical process of performing the dehydration operationusing the above described centrifugal separator 13. In this process, thewaste water is fed to the first reservoir 1a, and the waste water isthen fed to the neutralization tank 4 through the pipe 3 by the feedingfunction of the fluid pump 2 set in the first reservoir la. In theneutralization tank 4, the waste water is added to a predeterminedamount of sulfate compound supplied from the coagulant reservoir 5 sothat the waste water is neutralized and coagulated. FIG. 10 shows anillustration which explains this coagulation. Fine particles R withnegative charges are neutralized by the coagulant G with positivecharges to weaken their repulsion. Thus poorly repulsive particles tendto gather and absorb each other. The coagulated water flows through thepipe 7 by the feeding function of the fluid pump 6 set in theneutralization tank 4. The coagulated water is subjected to the firstaddition of high molecular inorganic flocculant supplied from theflocculant reservoir 14 by the feeding function of the pump 15. Thewaste water is subjected to mixing by the line mixer 8 and reaction bythe first reaction cylinder 9. After this, the waste water issecondarily supplied with the high molecular flocculant fed from thereservoir 16 by the pump 17. The high molecular flocculant is properlyselected from a cationic type, nonionic type, anionic type, and the likein accordance with the chemical and physical properties of the wastewater. After the second mixing and reaction by the line mixer 10 and thesecond reaction cylinder 11, the waste water is fed into the centrifugalseparator 13 through the pipe 12. By the repetition of the mixing andreaction, the fine particles, smaller than 10 microns, are absorbed andbridge-formed to increase the flocculation. This phenomenon is shown inFIG. 11. One branch of the high molecular flocculant K is absorbed byone of the muddy particles R. Another branch of the absorbed flocculantis bridged to an another. This absorption and bridging operation isrepeated within a relatively short period by the mixing and reactionsteps to form flocks.

The centrifugal separator 13 is switched to the hydration treatment modeby any proper switching means, such as a switching valve. The flocks ofwaste water are separated from the liquid part of the waste water by thecentrifugal force of the inner basket 39 rotated in the separator 13.The flocks are further gathered and compressed to the cylindrical wallof the basket 39. The liquid part separated by the separator 13 is fedinto the cleansing tank 20 through the pipe 29. In the cleansing tank20, the liquid is added to some additives, such as pH control agent, SStreatment agent as required, and filtered. Thus treated liquid isdischarged to a public sewer system, river, sea or the like as finaldisposal through the pipe 22.

The compressed flock; i.e., the solid part separated from the wastewater, is fed to the solid part treatment unit 24 through the pipe 23.In the solid part treatment unit 24, the solid part is treated to form adehydrated cake which can be handled as reusable soil different fromindustrial waste sludge. On a practical site, the dehydrated cake isdried by the sun and mixed with natural soil or sand. Since thedehydrated cake in the unit 24 appears as natural soil, not fluid, thedehydrated cake can be easily handled and transported.

FIG. 12 shows the comparison data of liquid content in the waste waterbetween the pre-dehydration treatment and the post-dehydrationtreatment. The waste water of 5.25 m² with specific gravity of 1.15 wasreduced to 1 m² by the dehydration treatment. That is, the liquid partof 4.79 m² was reduced to 0.54 m² whilst keeping the solid content of0.46 m² at a constant level.

One preferred example of the regeneration treatment according to thepresent invention will be described in detail. As disclosed before, inorder to reuse the used muddy water which has a high specific gravity,this regeneration treatment removes muddy particles greater than 10micron from the used muddy water. FIG. 13 shows one typical process usedto perform the regeneration treatment using the above describedcentrifugal separator 13. In this process, the muddy water once used inthe water excavation works as stabilizing liquid and mixed with slime isfed to the second reservoir lb, and fed to the centrifugal separator 13through the pipe 19 by the fluid pump 18 set in the second reservoir 1b.The centrifugal separator 13 is switched in the regeneration treatmentmode by a proper switching means, such as a switching valve. The muddyparticles and slime in the used water are separated from the liquid partof the used water by the centrifugal force of the inner basket 39rotated in the separator 13. The muddy particles and slime are furthergathered and compressed to the cylindrical wall of the basket 39. Theliquid part separated by the separator 13 is fed into the treated liquidreservoir 26 through the pipe 25. Then the treated liquid is fed to areuse plant, not shown, through the pump 27 and the pipe 28 to preparestabilizing liquid for the water excavation work.

The compressed solid part separated from the used water is fed to thesolid part treatment unit 24 through the pipe 23 and treated in the samemanner as the dehydration treatment mode.

The solid part removing device shown in FIG. 7 is actuated at regularintervals before the solid part in the basket 39 reaches the maximumlevel. Alternatively, the removing device may be actuated in response toa signal from a sensing means which can detect the maximum level or apredetermined level of the separator 13. The basket 39 is rotated at 100to 300 rpm for the solid part removing operation.

The effect caused by the regeneration treatment using the abovedescribed centrifugal separator 13 is shown in the following table.

                  TABLE 1                                                         ______________________________________                                        1          2      3      4     5    6    7    Ave.                            ______________________________________                                        S.G before                                                                            1.150  1.075  1.080                                                                              1.145 1.170                                                                              1.040                                                                              1.110                                                                              1.110                         Treatment                                                                     S.G after                                                                             1.050  1.050  1.050                                                                              1.040 1.050                                                                              1.034                                                                              1.050                                                                              1.046                         Treatment                                                                     ______________________________________                                         S.G: specific gravity                                                         Ave.: average                                                            

Table 1 shows the comparative data between the specific gravity of theused muddy water samples before and after the regeneration treatment.Comparing the average values 1.110 vs 1.046, the regeneration treatmentaccording to the present invention can effectively reduce the specificgravity of the used muddy water to the required level.

FIG. 14 shows the distribution curve of the muddy particles in the usedwater before the regeneration treatment, and FIG. 15 shows the samecurve after the treatment. The particles in the used water after thetreatment almost belong to the range not greater than 10 microns. Theparticles greater than 10 microns are almost all removed by thecentrifugal separator 13 of the present invention. This means theseparator 13 possesses a regeneration treatment performance of 10microns.

FIG. 16 shows the comparison between the separator according to thepresent invention and other various conventional separating methods. Theinvention can be applied to an extremely wide range of particle sizes,regardless of whether fine sand or silt is used. The water content ofthe treated solid part is 20 to 30%.

FIG. 17 shows the distribution curves of the particle size of bentoniteincluded in the used water. According to this drawing, the particle sizeof the bentonite almost all is 10 microns or smaller. Since theseparator according to the present invention removes the muddy particlesgreater than 10 microns, such as slime from the used water, theeffective component; i.e., bentonite, can remain in the treated water tobe reused for the water excavation work. If the used water is notsubjected to the treatment of the present invention, the used waterhaving a higher specific gravity will be almost all wasted and newlyprepared stabilizing liquid will be continuously required. The watertreatment system according to the present invention can save the cost ofthe water excavation work.

Although the separator 13 removes the particles greater than 10 microns,the particles smaller than 10 micron will accumulate to increase thespecific gravity of the used water to an unrequired level. This usedwater will be subjected to the dehydration treatment of the presentinvention and finally become waste.

FIG. 18 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing one modifiedembodiment of the centrifugal separator 13 which is equipped with asensing means 60 for detecting a predetermined maximum level of thesolid part accumulated in the inner basket 39. FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 showthis sensing means per se in its elevational and plan view. In FIG. 18to FIG. 20, the same reference numbers denote the same or correspondingelements or parts as the centrifugal separator 13 shown in FIG. 2 sothat the same explanation is not repeated.

The sensing means 60 comprises a rotary switch 61 set on the uppersurface of the stationary casing 31, a limit switch 62 which isalternatively turned on and off in response to the rotation of therotary switch 61, a center rod 63, one end of which is connected to therotary switch 61 and the other end of which extends into the innerbasket 39, and a plurality of sensor plates 64 fixed to the center rod63 in a vertical direction. The rotary switch 61 is rotatably mounted ona support member 65 fixed on the upper surface of the stationary casing31. The top end of the center rod 63 is fixed to the rotary switch 61through a center opening formed in the support member 65 so that therotary switch 61 is rotatively actuated by rotation of the rod 63.

The sensor plates 64 are formed in an oblong shape extending in ahorizontal direction, and further integrally provided at their top endwith a carbide tip 64a. It is preferable that at least two of the sensorplates 64, as shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, are set to correctly detectthe maximum level even when the solid part 66 accumulated in the innerbasket 39 is irregularly adhered to the basket wall or deposited in thelower section of the basket 39.

The rotary switch 61 is always set in a predetermined direction by aspring 67 interposed between the rotary switch 61 and the support member65 to avoid the rotary switch 61 from interfering with the limit switch62.

One of the sensor plates 64, the upper sensor plate in FIG. 18, isprovided with a misoperation preventing means 68 for preventing thesensing means 60 from misoperating. When some droplets from the muddywater fed into the separator 13 sometimes hit the sensor plates 64, thesensing means 60 is actuated in response to this incorrect situation.

FIG. 21 shows one typical structure of the misoperation preventing means68. This means 68 comprises a support member 69 fixed to the right endof the sensor plate 64, a bearing case 70 rotatably supported by thesupport member 69 through an annular sealing member 71 and bearings 72,and a sensor element 73 fixed to the bearing case 70 through bolts 74and nuts 75. The bearing case 70 is further provided with an upper plate76 through a packing sheet 77 and a lower plate 78, and these upper andlower plates 76 and 78 are fixed to the bearing case 70 by long bolts 79and nuts 80.

Referring to FIG. 18, the separator 13 further includes a manual sensingmeans 81 for detecting the maximum level of the accumulated solid part66. This manual sensing means 81 is composed of a handle 82 and a rod83, one end of which is connected to the handle 82 and the other end 83ais angled substantially at 90° toward the cylindrical wall of the innerbasket 39. The rod 83 is pivotably set to the lid of the stationarycasing 31. The angled section 83a is slightly longer than the sensorplates 64 so that the angled section 83a will be brought into contactwith the solid part 66 when the accumulated solid reaches the maximumlevel. The reference number 84 denotes a release lever for dismountingthe sensing means 60 to check, cleanse and change the sensor plates 64,the misoperation protecting means 68, and the manual sensing means 81.

The operation of the sensing means 60 will be described in detail. Whenat least one of the carbide tips 64a of the sensor plates 64 is incontact with the solid part 66 accumulated in the basket 39 rotating inthe stationary casing 31 of the centrifugal separator 13, the rotatingforce of the basket 39 is transmitted to the center rod 63 through thesensor plate 64. By this rotating force, the rotary switch 61 integrallyfixed to the rod 63, is also rotated against the urging force of thespring 67 to turn on the limit switch 62. The turn-on signal of thelimit switch 62 is sent to the drive unit of the rotary drive shaft 34of the separator 13 to decrease the rotational speed of the shaft 34 tothe low speed rotation mode, for example 100 to 300 rpm, andsimultaneously to the fluid pumps 2 and 6 when the separator 13 isoperated in the dehydration treatment mode, or the fluid pump 18 whenthe regeneration treatment mode to stop the water feeding operation ofthe waste or used muddy water into the basket 39 through the inlet pipe33. Then the solid part removing device shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 isset to the scraping position, where the scraper 53 starts to scrape thesolid part 66 adhered to the cylindrical wall of the inner basket 39.When the scraping operation of the removing device is completed, therotary switch 61 is returned to its initial position, where the rotaryswitch 61 is isolated from the limit switch 62, by the urging force ofthe spring 67.

The misoperation preventing means 68 will prevent the sensing means 60from misoperating on account of droplets from the muddy water fed intothe separator 13. When the droplets hit this means 68, the sensorelement 73 is rotated by the force of the droplets to absorb this force.On the other hand, when the solid part 66 nearly reaches or exceeds themaximum level, the sensor element 73 of the means 68 is repeatedlysubjected to a greater hitting force, which can not be absorbed by therotation of the sensor element 73. Thus the sensing means 60 cancorrectly sense the maximum level, representing the correct time toremove the solid part 66 from the inner basket 39.

The maximum level can be sensed by the manual sensing means 81 shown inFIG. 18. An operator manually operates the handle 82 of the means 81 tocheck whether the angled section 83a is in contact with the solid part66 or not. Although this manual sensing means 81 is relatively simple,the operator must often manually operate the handle 82. In this manualsensing mode, the solid part removing operation is also intiated by theoperator.

As disclosed above, the water treatment method and device according tothe present invention can alternatively perform the dehydrationtreatment of the waste muddy water and/or industrial waste water forfinal disposal, or the regeneration treatment of the muddy water onceused in the water excavation work for reuse in the same or other worksby using the same device in a relatively easy manner.

In the dehydration treatment, the muddy waste water and/or industrialwaste water are added with flocculant to make flocks of fine muddyparticles smaller than 10 microns, and these flocks are separated fromthe muddy waste water and/or industrial waste water by the centrifugalseparator. The separated flocks are condensed and solidified in thebasket of the centrifugal separator to form dehydrated cakes which canbe easily disposed of as natural soils. The separated liquid part of thewaste water is filtered by the liquid cleansing unit to remove someimpurities, and are discharged from this device as waste water.

Alternatively, in the regeneration treatment, the high density muddywater once used in the water excavation works is fed into thecentrifugal separator to remove the muddy particles greater than 10microns from the high density muddy water. Since the separated liquidmainly includes fine particles, such as grout, which are smaller than 10microns, the separated liquid can be reused as a desirable stabilizingliquid for the water excavation engineering.

In both operation modes, the solid part separated by the centrifugalseparator is fed to the solid part treatment unit to be dehydrated andthen form dehydrated cakes which can be easily disposed of as surplussoil used for ground construction along the sea side and the like.

The centrifugal separator according to the present invention cansmoothly perform the solid-liquid separating operation without anystagnance. The bottom of the inner basket of the separator is formedwith the openings defined between the cross shaped arm and the annularmember, each inside wall of which is vertically widened toward itsbottom end. In the openings, the solid part, such as condensed andsolidified flocks and slime, easily fall down along the inside walls,which are downwardly widened, by the centrifugal force and the airjetted from the air nozzle. Since the solid part can be smoothlydischarged out of the inner basket, the solid-liquid separatingoperation can be continued for a long period. Even when the openings areblocked with the solid part, the sensing means can detect the maximumlevel of the solid part stocked in the basket. This sensing means canautomatically stop the centrifugal operation of the basket and the muddywater feeding operation. Furthermore, in the case where the centrifugalseparator is equipped with an electro-actuating means for removing thesolid part from the basket, the removing operation of the solid part maybe automatically started in response to the sensing means. Themisoperation preventing mean associated with the sensing means canprevent the sensing means from misoperating on account of waterdroplets.

Needless to say, the dehydration treatment system and the regenerationtreatment system can be independently arranged to perform bothtreatments using the same two separators at the same occasion in thecase of a great and continuous amount of treatment.

Although the invention has been described in its preferred form with acertain degree of particularity, it is understood that the presentdisclosure of the preferred form has been changed in the details ofconstruction and the combination and arrangement of parts may beresorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventionas hereinafter claimed.

What is claimed is:
 1. A water treatment device for waste muddy waterfrom water excavation works and/or industrial waste water and used muddywater once used in water excavation works, comprising:a first waterreservoir for storing the waste water from the water excavation worksand/or industrial works; a second water reservoir for storing the usedmuddy water having a high density and which is enriched with muddyparticles and other materials from the water excavation engineering; aflocculating unit for adding flocculent into the waste water fed fromsaid first water reservoir to flocculate fine particles contained in thewaste water; a centrifugal separator selectively operable in first andsecond operation modes, in said first operation mode the waste water fedfrom said flocculating unit is treated to separate the flocculated waterinto a solid part and a liquid part, and in said second operation modethe used muddy water fed from said second reservoir is treated to removethe muddy particles from the used muddy water; a liquid treatment unitto adjust the liquid part fed from said centrifugal separator operatedin the first operation mode to a desired value of a selected parameter;a third water reservoir for storing the treated water fed from saidcentral separator operated in the second operation mode; a solid parttreatment unit for treating the solid part fed from said centrifugalseparator operated in the first and second operation modes; and, valvemeans operably associated with said centrifugal separator forpositioning said separator into a selected one of said modes.
 2. Thewater treatment device according to claim 1, wherein said centrifugalseparator comprisesa stationary casing; a movable inner basket rotatablysuspended in the stationary casing through a rotary drive shaft, saidinner basket including a non perforated cylindrical wall and a wheelshaped bottom member; and an air nozzle where the top opening, facessaid wheel shaped bottom member.
 3. The water treatment device accordingto claim 2, wherein said wheel shaped bottom member includes an annularmember; a substantially cross shaped arm integrally formed in saidannular member; and opening defined between said cross shaped arm andsaid annular member, each inside wall of the openings being verticallyinclined so as to facilitate the discharge of the solid part toward itsbottom end.
 4. The water treatment device according to claim 2 furthercomprising a solid removing means for removing the solid partaccumulated and adhered to the basket wall when the solid part exceeds apredetermined maximum level.
 5. The water treatment device according toclaim 4 further comprises a sensing means for sensing the maximum levelof the solid part adhered to said cylindrical wall of said inner basket,where the sensing means automatically stops the centrifugal operation ofsaid inner basket and the water feeding operation, and actuates saidsolid removing means.
 6. The water treatment device according to claim5, wherein said maximum level sensing means comprisesa rotary switchrotatably set on the upper surface of said stationary casing; a limitswitch which is alternatively turned on and off in response to therotation of said rotary switch; a center rod, one end of which isconnected to said rotary switch and the other end of which extends insaid inner basket; and a plurality of sensor plates fixed to said centerrod in a vertical direction, whereby one of said sensor plates cantransmit the force caused by conflict between the top of said sensorplate and the solid part accumulated in said inner basket to said rotaryswitch through said center rod.
 7. The water treatment device accordingto claim 6, wherein one of said sensor plates is provided with amisoperation preventing means which can prevent said sensor plates frommisoperating due to water droplets.
 8. The water treatment deviceaccording to claim 5, wherein said sensing means includes a manualsensing means which includes a handle rotatably set on the upper surfaceof said stationary casing, and a rod where one end is connected to saidhandle and the other end is angled at a substantially right angle towardsaid basket wall, whereby an operator can sense the maximum level whensaid angled end is in conflict with the solid accumulated in the basket.